Crude oil is a complex mixture of substances at varying ratios and in most cases contains at least some salt water. Even after desalination some of this brine remains dissolved in the crude and gradually sinks to the bottom of the cargo oil tank during transport. The corrosive nature of salt, along with microorganisms and other aggressive substances contained in the cargo oil, causes rust, most notably in the form of pitting, which are cavities in the steel that deepen over time.
Pitting corrosion is a localized form of corrosion by which cavities or holes are produced in the material. Pitting is considered to be more dangerous than uniform corrosion damage because it is more difficult to detect, predict and design against.
In this article, we discuss general explanations about pitting corrosion in ships.
In many standards related to the preparation of welding documents, the destructive tests discussed in this article can be used to verify a WPS. This article provides a brief description of the types of destructive tests used in the WPS & it’s supporting PQR.
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is a process in which the joining of metals is produced by heating therewith an arc between a tungsten (non-consumable) electrode and the work with a TIG welding machine.
Arc welding is one type of fusion welding process where base metals are fused by applying heat in order to form coalescence. Required heat is supplied by an electric arc constituted between positive and negative terminals of an electric circuit inbuilt with a power source. For welding purpose work metal is made one terminal and the electrode is made another, and thus arc constitutes in between them in the external circuit.